Dental pulp stem cells (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University)

Pulp tissue was cut into small pieces and digested in a solution of  type I collagenase (3 mg/ml) and dispase (4 mg/ml) for 1 hour. Single-cell suspensions were seeded onto culture dishes and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS, 10%),  penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 U/ml ).