Directed differentiation of stem cells into neural crest cells using small molecules

A single-step protocol for the generation of neural crest-like cells (NCSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by activation of the canonical WNT signaling and blockage of the global Smad signaling. After 12-14 days, cultures are highly enriched for NCSCs, and more than 90% of the cells express neural crest-specific markers. These cells can be maintained in culture over extended periods while retaining developmental potential for peripheral neurons and mesenchymal cell-derived osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes.